What critical factor must be considered in urban design to improve livability and reduce traffic?

The critical factor that must be considered in urban design to improve livability and reduce traffic is public transportation. Effective public transportation systems significantly enhance urban mobility by providing viable alternatives to private vehicle use. They facilitate the movement of people across cities and neighborhoods, helping to alleviate congestion on roadways and reducing overall traffic volumes.

When a city invests in a robust public transportation network—such as buses, trams, trains, and subways—it encourages residents to opt for these modes of transport instead of driving. This shift not only helps decrease the number of vehicles on the road but also contributes to lower carbon emissions and better air quality, making urban environments more livable.

Additionally, efficient public transportation can increase accessibility to jobs, services, and amenities, thus enhancing the overall quality of life for residents. It fosters a more connected community and can lead to more vibrant urban areas where people can easily navigate without relying solely on cars.

While architecture styles, residential density, and community events are all important aspects of urban design, they do not directly address traffic reduction to the same extent as public transportation does. For instance, while higher residential density can lead to more foot traffic and a potentially reduced need for vehicle use, without a strong public transport system in place, residents may still