Which of the following is an urbanization issue linked to the emergence of large malls?

The emergence of large malls is tied to various urbanization issues, all listed in the choices. The correct answer encompasses these interconnected concerns.

Decreasing local business happens as large malls often attract a significant customer base away from smaller, local shops. When people gravitate towards the convenience and variety offered by malls, independent retailers may struggle to compete, leading to their decline and changes in the economic landscape of neighborhoods.

Increasing traffic congestion is another critical issue. Large malls tend to draw in large numbers of visitors from surrounding areas, which can overwhelm local infrastructure. More traffic not only complicates commuting but may necessitate further urban planning to address overcrowding on roads.

Decreasing land availability also emerges as a consequence of large malls. The construction of expansive retail spaces often involves developing previously undeveloped land or repurposing existing sites, which reduces the available space for other essential urban functions, including housing and green spaces.

By recognizing that all these factors are interrelated, it becomes evident why selecting "All of the above" accurately captures the urbanization issues linked to the rise of large shopping malls. Each impact contributes to a broader understanding of urban dynamics, emphasizing the complex relationship between commercial development and community vitality.